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Demographic composition and immigrant communities in St. Paul

A historical base of German, Irish, and French-Canadian residents with a strong Catholic tradition. Home to the largest Hmong community in the United States, a significant Karen population, Somalis, Mexican Latinos, and a growing East African community.

St. Paul's historical makeup is more Catholic and older than Minneapolis's, with a strong presence of Irish, German, and French-Canadian immigrants in the 19th century. This accounts for the number of large Catholic churches, ethnic parishes, and the institutional weight of the local archdiocese. Surnames such as O'Brien, Schultz, and Beaupre still predominate in the area.

The largest Hmong community in the United States is in St. Paul, concentrated in Frogtown, the North End, and the East Side. Hmongtown Marketplace and Hmong Village Shopping Center are landmark institutions, and community members have won seats on the city council and in the state legislature. Karen residents from Burma have arrived more recently and are also concentrated on the East Side.

There is a Somali community in West Seventh and Phalen, a Mexican Latino community in the West Side, a historic neighborhood near the Mississippi, and a growing population of Ethiopians, Oromo, and Liberians. Residents of Brazilian origin are few and dispersed, without a defined neighborhood. The population ages more slowly than the rest of the state due to the immigrant influx.

Languages spoken
  • English
  • Hmong
  • Spanish
  • Somali
  • Karen
  • +2 more
Main religions
  • Roman Catholicism
  • Lutheran Protestantism
  • Hmong animism
  • Theravada Buddhism
  • Sunni Islam
  • +1 more

Cost of living in St. Paul compared to Minneapolis and the Midwest

Cost of living is slightly lower than Minneapolis, particularly in housing. State income tax applies equally, but the older and more affordable residential housing stock has a positive effect on monthly budgets.

St. Paul tends to run about 5 to 10 percent cheaper than Minneapolis in rent and home purchases. Neighborhoods such as North End, Payne-Phalen, and parts of the East Side offer genuinely affordable rents for a major American city. Summit Hill, Crocus Hill, and Highland Park push prices up and sit in the premium range of the Twin Cities.

For groceries, Cub Foods and Target anchor mainstream options, and the Hmong community supports two large ethnic markets in Frogtown with produce, fish, herbs, and meat. Sun Foods and El Burrito Mercado on the West Side cover Asian and Latin products at fair prices. Dining out costs less than in Minneapolis, with Vietnamese and Hmong restaurants offering some of the best value in the metro.

Natural gas heating through CenterPoint, electricity through Xcel Energy, and car insurance follow the same patterns as Minneapolis. Property taxes in Ramsey County are reasonable. At the end of the month, a family living in St. Paul and commuting anywhere in the Twin Cities spends less than they would in Minneapolis or western suburbs such as Edina and Minnetonka.

96Cost index (US = 100)4% below US average
CategorySingleCoupleFamily (2 + 2)
iHousing$1,253$1,446$1,833
iFood$367$733$1,331
iTransport$482$819$1,060
iHealthcare$270$540$1,012
iChildcare$1,755
iOther$819$1,476$2,074
Monthly total$3,191$5,014$9,065

Source: U.S. BLS Consumer Expenditure Survey 2023 + BEA Regional Price Parities 2023 · Estimates in USD, monthly.

Real estate market and neighborhoods in St. Paul

Housing stock dominated by century-old wood-frame homes, bungalows, and Victorians, split between premium neighborhoods around Summit Avenue and working-class areas to the east. Rents are more affordable than Minneapolis.

St. Paul has one of the most attractive residential landscapes in the Midwest. Summit Avenue, with 4.7 miles of Victorian mansions in Crocus Hill and Summit Hill, is an architectural landmark. Highland Park, in the southwest, features homes from the 1920s and 1940s with good schools and a large Jewish community. Mac-Groveland, near the colleges, is where many faculty members live.

Frogtown and the North End offer more affordable options, with a strong Hmong presence and ongoing revitalization. The East Side, especially Payne-Phalen and Dayton's Bluff, combines lower rents with older infrastructure. The West Side, across the Mississippi, has a strong Latino identity and attractive views of downtown.

Renting is the most common path in the first year. New apartment complexes in Lowertown, a converted former warehouse district, and along the Green Line attract young professionals. Buying a home is more attainable here than in Minneapolis for median-income households, particularly bungalows with basements in Hamline-Midway and Como Park.

Recommended neighborhoods
  • Highland Park
  • Mac-Groveland
  • Summit Hill
  • Crocus Hill
  • Hamline-Midway
  • +3 more

Jobs and key sectors sustaining the St. Paul economy

An economy anchored in state government, healthcare, higher education, specialty manufacturing (3M), and professional services. A more stable and less volatile market than Minneapolis, with a substantial volume of public-sector positions.

As the state capital, St. Paul has Minnesota state government as its dominant employer. State departments, agencies, legal services, and administrative offices provide stable jobs with strong benefits. The city and Ramsey County add several thousand more positions. For immigrants with fluent English, state civil service positions become a real option after obtaining citizenship or a green card.

3M is headquartered in Maplewood, on St. Paul's eastern boundary, and employs a large workforce in research, specialty manufacturing, and administration. Ecolab, in industrial hygiene and water treatment, is headquartered downtown. Securian Financial and Travelers Insurance round out the financial sector.

Healthcare is a major employer, with Allina Health (United Hospital, Children's Minnesota) and M Health Fairview operating hospitals within the city. Higher education employs thousands at the University of St. Thomas, Hamline, Macalester, St. Catherine University, and the University of Minnesota's St. Paul Campus. Small Hmong, Vietnamese, and Latino businesses provide a supplemental source of income for many immigrant families.

Dominant sectors
  • State public administration
  • Healthcare and hospitals
  • Private higher education
  • Insurance and financial services
  • Specialty manufacturing
  • +2 more
Major employers
  • State of Minnesota
  • Regions Hospital
  • 3M Company
  • Ecolab
  • Securian Financial
  • +3 more

Universities and the educational system in St. Paul

A university city with several prestigious private colleges. The public district operates bilingual programs in Hmong, Spanish, and Karen to serve the large immigrant population.

St. Paul has impressive university density. The University of St. Thomas is the largest Catholic university in Minnesota. Macalester College is one of the top liberal arts colleges in the United States, with a high international enrollment and generous scholarships. Hamline University, St. Catherine University, Concordia University, and Mitchell Hamline School of Law add further options.

Part of the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus, the St. Paul Campus, is located in the city and houses the colleges of agriculture, veterinary sciences, and environmental sciences. For community college and ESL programs, Saint Paul College is downtown and serves as a gateway for immigrants needing formal English instruction and short-term technical training.

Saint Paul Public Schools operates Hmong immersion programs at Hmong College Prep Academy and Phalen Lake Hmong Studies, Spanish immersion at Adams Spanish Immersion, and Karen-language programs at East Side schools. For families seeking additional academic rigor, Mounds Park Academy and Saint Paul Academy offer traditional private education.

Notable universities
  • University of St. Thomas
  • Macalester College
  • Hamline University
  • St. Catherine University
  • Concordia University St. Paul
  • Saint Paul College
  • Mitchell Hamline School of Law
  • University of Minnesota St. Paul Campus

Hospitals and access to healthcare services in St. Paul

A city with regional reference hospitals including Regions Hospital (trauma center), United Hospital, and Children's Minnesota. Access to specialized Twin Cities services and proximity to Mayo Clinic in Rochester.

Regions Hospital, affiliated with HealthPartners, is a Level 1 trauma center and regional referral point for serious emergencies. United Hospital, part of Allina Health, operates downtown with strong cardiology and oncology programs. Children's Minnesota has a St. Paul campus specializing in pediatrics, complementing its Minneapolis location.

Primary care is provided mainly through HealthPartners, M Health Fairview, and Allina Health Clinics. For uninsured immigrants, Open Cities Health Center and West Side Community Health Services are Federally Qualified Health Centers with income-based sliding-scale fees and bilingual staff. Rare specialized cases may be referred to Mayo Clinic in Rochester, 90 minutes by car.

Health coverage is generally tied to employment. MNsure is the state marketplace for self-employed and freelance workers, with subsidies based on household income. CVS, Walgreens, Cub Pharmacy, and Target Pharmacy provide solid citywide coverage. Ramsey County's public health department maintains clinics offering childhood vaccination and tuberculosis services.

Healthcare index78.0 / 100
  • Life expectancyyears at birth
    78.4yrs
  • Doctors per 1kpracticing physicians
    3.7
  • Health spendper capita, per year
    $13,473
  • Public systemoverall quality rating
    Good

Safety and everyday risk perception in St. Paul

A city considered safer than Minneapolis in terms of violent crime, with significant variation across neighborhoods. The East Side and North End concentrate more incidents, while Highland Park and Mac-Groveland are notably safe.

St. Paul has historically reported lower violent crime rates than Minneapolis. Following 2020, both cities saw increases, but St. Paul's recovery was somewhat faster. The East Side, North End, and parts of Frogtown account for most serious incidents, though the majority involve people known to each other rather than random attacks on residents.

Property crime is the most common everyday concern: car break-ins with valuables in plain sight, catalytic converter theft, package theft from doorsteps, and garage break-ins. Theft of older Kia and Hyundai models without engine immobilizers is a persistent problem, as in Minneapolis. Police recommend Ring cameras, steering wheel locks, and storing valuables in the trunk.

For an immigrant family arriving in the city, the practical picture is positive: neighborhoods such as Highland Park, Mac-Groveland, Como Park, and Summit Hill are as safe as middle-class suburbs. Cycling on the river trails during the day is part of normal daily life. At night, standard precautions for any large American city apply downtown and on the East Side.

5.8
Homicides per 100k
per year
Safety index
52.0
Crime index
48.0
Safer neighborhoods
  • Highland Park
  • Macalester-Groveland
  • Summit Hill
  • Crocus Hill
  • Mac-Groveland
  • Como Park area
Areas to avoid
  • Parts of Frogtown at night
  • Sections of the North End away from main thoroughfares
  • Isolated areas of Dayton's Bluff
  • Empty parking lots along University Avenue in the early morning hours

Public transit and mobility in St. Paul

A city connected to Minneapolis by the Green Line light rail, with a Metro Transit bus network, bike lanes, and an older, more irregular street grid. A car is useful but not required depending on the neighborhood.

The Green Line light rail connects downtown St. Paul to downtown Minneapolis in about 45 minutes, passing through the University of Minnesota campus and along University Avenue. For residents along that corridor, it eliminates the need for a car for most daily activities. The Blue Line connects Minneapolis to MSP Airport, with an easy transfer via the Green Line.

Metro Transit operates a dense bus network throughout the city, with frequent routes along Snelling, Lexington, Selby, and West Seventh. The A Line bus rapid transit service runs north-south along Snelling Avenue. Winter accessibility is the main drawback, with open bus stops and cutting winds in January.

Cycling infrastructure follows the Twin Cities standard, with a dedicated lane along Summit Avenue and the Mississippi River Trail offering a scenic loop along the river. A car remains useful for suburban destinations and shopping, and parking in St. Paul is noticeably easier and cheaper than in Minneapolis. MSP Airport is about 20 minutes away.

2
Metro lines
14
Metro stations
23 min
Avg commute
67
Walkability
Airports
  • MSP, Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport
  • International airport
  • Bike infrastructure

What the Climate Is Like Living in St. Paul

Minnesota's capital and neighbor to Minneapolis, St. Paul has a humid continental climate with cold winters: warm summers around 28 degrees Celsius and long, severe winters with heavy snowfall.

Summers in St. Paul are warm and short, with highs between 27 and 29 degrees Celsius in July and occasional strong thunderstorms. Air conditioning is standard in all homes.

Winters are long and harsh, with lows between -18 and -14 degrees Celsius in January and seasonal snowfall totaling around 135 cm (53 inches). Heavy winter clothing, snow tires, and natural gas heating are essential.

Spring is brief and autumn is short but spectacular, with peak foliage in October. Combined rain and snow total approximately 800 mm annually, with summer being the wetter season and winter the drier one.

Sunny days / year200 days
Avg high (°F)
  • 35°J
  • 40°F
  • 62°M
  • 76°A
  • 83°M
  • 91°J
  • 94°J
  • 93°A
  • 89°S
  • 80°O
  • 64°N
  • 45°D
Avg low (°F)
  • -23°J
  • -27°F
  • M
  • 19°A
  • 31°M
  • 46°J
  • 53°J
  • 52°A
  • 40°S
  • 21°O
  • N
  • -9°D
Rainfall (")
  • 1"J
  • 1"F
  • 2"M
  • 4"A
  • 4"M
  • 3"J
  • 4"J
  • 4"A
  • 3"S
  • 3"O
  • 2"N
  • 2"D

Cultural life, food, and local identity in St. Paul

A city with a more traditional cultural identity than Minneapolis, defined by historic theaters, Hmong and Karen cuisine, museums, seasonal festivals, and the oldest winter carnival in the United States.

The St. Paul Winter Carnival, held in January and February since 1886, is the city's signature event, featuring ice palaces, parades, and skating at Rice Park. The Ordway Center is a regional anchor for opera and theater, and the Fitzgerald Theater was home to A Prairie Home Companion. Penumbra Theatre is a nationally recognized African American theater institution.

The food scene has a strong identity of its own. Pho 79, Cheng Heng (Cambodian), Hmong Village, and Hmongtown Marketplace form the essential Asian dining circuit. El Burrito Mercado on the West Side is a beloved Mexican institution. Mickey's Diner, downtown, is a historic diner car that has appeared in films. Craft breweries including Summit, Surly, and Bang Brewing round out the scene.

Professional sports include the Minnesota Wild (NHL) at Xcel Energy Center downtown and Minnesota United FC (MLS) at Allianz Field in Midway. For outdoor activities, Como Park combines a Japanese garden, zoo, and free plant conservatory. The city's park system is consistently ranked among the best in the United States.

St. Paul

Attractions in St. Paul, Minnesota's Capital and the Mississippi River

St. Paul is the state capital and Minneapolis's twin in the Twin Cities, home to the Minnesota State Capitol, Cathedral of Saint Paul, Science Museum of Minnesota, and Como Park Zoo and Conservatory.

The Minnesota State Capitol, with its white marble dome designed by Cass Gilbert, offers guided tours. Nearby, the Cathedral of Saint Paul, inspired by St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, presides over Summit Hill. Summit Avenue, one of the longest Victorian residential boulevards in the United States, leads to the James J. Hill House, the railroad magnate's mansion now operating as a museum. F. Scott Fitzgerald was born in St. Paul, and Cathedral Hill bears his legacy.

The Science Museum of Minnesota, perched along the Mississippi, features an Omnitheater and an impressive dinosaur collection. The Minnesota Children's Museum and Como Park Zoo and Conservatory, both free to enter, are family staples. The Mississippi River Boulevard connects to the Sam Morgan Regional Trail, and Harriet Island Regional Park hosts Cinco de Mayo celebrations and the Hmongtown Marketplace. The Xcel Energy Center is home to the Minnesota Wild (NHL).

Lowertown, with its Saint Paul Farmers' Market and CHS Field of the Saint Paul Saints, has grown into a dining and arts destination. Mears Park in Lowertown hosts summer concerts, and Landmark Center, a former federal building in Richardsonian Romanesque style, houses galleries. Como Lakeside Pavilion, Indian Mounds Regional Park, and Bruce Vento Nature Sanctuary round out the itinerary.

  1. 1["Minnesota State Capitol"
  2. 2"Cathedral of Saint Paul"
  3. 3"Science Museum of Minnesota"
  4. 4"Como Park Zoo and Conservatory"
  5. 5"Mississippi River Visitor Center"
  6. 6"James J. Hill House"
Nightlife6.0 / 10
Parks & green spaces
  • ["Como Regional Park"
  • "Indian Mounds Regional Park"
  • "Hidden Falls Regional Park"
  • "Crosby Farm Regional Park"
  • "Phalen Regional Park"
  • +1 more

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