Can freelancers apply for L-1?

Generally, no. The L-1 was designed for intracompany transfers within the same multinational organization, which must have a unit abroad and a branch, subsidiary, or affiliate in the United States. It is built on a formal employment relationship between the professional and that organization.

Freelancers and independent contractors are typically excluded precisely because they work for themselves, without the traditional employment tie to the qualifying company that the visa requires. Applicants must also have completed a qualifying period of employment with that company abroad before the transfer, which rarely applies to those working independently.

This does not mean there are no options. Depending on the individual profile, other categories may be better suited for self-employed professionals and entrepreneurs:

• Visas aimed at investors or entrepreneurs.
• Categories based on skill or professional merit.
• Arrangements in which the professional establishes an eligible employment relationship.

Because each situation depends on the specifics of the case, it is worth reviewing the latest USCIS guidance and exploring alternatives with an immigration professional.

About the author

Victoria Harper

Editor-in-Chief

Meet the author

As a journalist and lead editor at Visto n’ Visa, Victoria helps ensure that immigration topics are covered in a clear, trustworthy, and easy-to-understand way. Her focus is on delivering useful, human, and relevant content for people exploring new paths abroad.